Emergency Department Referral Profile of Traumatic Brain Injury Records at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52547/uiemj.1.1.21Keywords:
Traumatic brain injury, Glasgow coma score, trauma, road traffic accidentsAbstract
Background: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world and its impact is much more tangible in Pakistan. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological characteristics of patients with TBI in Pakistan and to determine the immediate outcomes of patients with TBI after referral to the emergency department.
Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan. Data were extracted from the medical records from January 1st to December 31st, 2019. Patient age, sex, type of trauma, and immediate outcome of the referral to the Emergency Department were recorded. The severity of TBI was categorized based on Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) into mild (GCS 13-15), moderate (GCS 9-12), and severe (GCS <8) classes. The Emergency Department referral profile was classified as admissions, disposed, detained & disposed, referred.
Results: Out of 5047 patients, 3689 (73.1%) males and 1358 (26.9%) females. The most commonly affected age group was 0-10 years (25.6%) and 21-30 years (20.1%). Road Traffic accident was the predominant cause of injury (38.8%, n=1960) followed by fall (32.7%, n=1649). Most (93.6%, n=4710) of the TBIs were mild. After the full initial assessment and workup, and completing all first-aid management, the immediate outcome was divided into four, most frequent (67.2%, n=3393) of which were “disposed (discharged)”, and 9.3% (n=470) were admitted for further management.
Conclusion: Our study represents a relatively commonplace picture of epidemiological data on the burden of TBI in Pakistan. As a large proportion of patients had a mild TBI, and there is a high risk of mild TBI being under-diagnosed, we warrant further investigation of mild TBI in population-based studies.
Ethics approval and consent to participate:
The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Hayatabad medical complex [Ref# 2130-2019], Peshawar, Pakistan.
Consent For Publication:
Not Applicable
Availability of Data and Materials:
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Competing interests:
None.
Funding:
None.
Authors' contributions:
MK and UY designed the study. ZH and MMU participated in data collection and preprocesses of data. data were analyzed and visualized by MK and UY. the manuscript was drafted by MK, MMU, and UY. revisions were conducted by ZH, UY, and MMU.
Acknowledgments:
None.
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